1. History Forum -> Veneds !?!
-
Traduire cette page
Veneds !?!, interesting questions. Nov 13 2004, 10:01 PM. Post #1. Settling
Member. Group: Members. Posts: 44. Joined: 23-July 04. From: Kragujevac,Serbia
... all know that Slavs were also called Venets (Veneds).Everyone who read Caesars` Bello Galico
can notice that ... bay where he fought with Veneds a tribe that was
famous by ...
www.simaqianstudio.com/forum/
1. The Slavs - one of the indigenous
peoples of Europe
Histoire de Bulgarie. Les Slaves - un des
peuples indigènes d'Europe. Les Slaves sont un des peuples indigènes d'Europe.
... il y a deux mille ans les Slaves sont cités comme Veneds. Ils ont commencé
à s'appeler Slaves après le cinquième ...
isuisse.ifrance.com/economiebg/
The Slavs are one of
the indigenous peoples of
If we trace the ethnic origins of the Bulgarian people, we first of all come
across its kinship with the
The Slavification of the Balkans was something more
than an ethno-demographic transformation; it served as a unique catalyst which
accelerated the evolution of production relationships and led to a change in
the social system of
Two military-political alliances came into being: the first in the Thessalonica
area, routed by the Byzantines in the second half of the seventh century, and
the second, in the Danube-river area. It was this alliance of seven Slav tribes
which withstood the military pressure exerted by the
1. Slavonic Society at the LSE -
Traduire cette page
Slavonic people. (Also known as slavic or slavs)
... Venedes or Wends, but their connection to the Veneds mentioned by
Tacitus, Ptolemy and Plinius, is uncertain ... Proto-Slavs, called Wenetes or Veneds,
and Slavs proper, and that these ...
societies.lse.ac.uk/slavonic/
|
Wislanie Snapshot |
|
Research Notes by Dennis Benarz |
|
Observations: |
|
Notes: |
De http://www.geocities.com/spuscizna/wislanie-3.html
|
Latin
sources in the Ist and 2nd Centuries, including Tacitus, mention Slavs
calling them Veneds. |
|
The
Wislanie, as opposed to the northern Polish tribes, were people of the woods
and forests, not plainsmen. Their home was the great primeval Sandomierz
Forest. |
Local Selected Carbon-14 Dated
Samples:Age: Sample:
Location:
Composition:
10100 Gd-130 Debica, Kolejowa St Peat
at depth of 8.71 to 8.74 meters
7990 Gd-597 Grabiny
101078/LS Unspecified round wood at 7 meters
5945 Gd-600 Latoszyn*
170878/2 Oak at 5.5 meters
5985 Gd-581 Latoszyn*
170878/4 Oak tree trunk at 5.3 meters
5915 Gd-580 Latoszyn*
170878/1 Oak at 5.0 meters
2730 Gd-1011 Latoszyn* 070787/1
Unspecified wood at 3.5 meters
2420 Gd-582 Latoszyn*
180578/1 Unspecified wood at 2.5 meters
*Location is actually the gravel pit on left bank of Wisloka River opposite
Latoszyn and nearer Grabiny.
Source: Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics, 2000-2001.
Earliest Local Inhabited
Sites:
n Debica, Borowa,
Pilzno Evidence of Wislanie settlements in 700-900 AD.is Benarz, Chicagoland
USA 2002-2003USA 2002-2003
THE SEARCH FOR PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
Discovery of
ancient charcoal or other campfire material, which can be reliably tested for age,
has not yet occured in the Debica/Pilzno/Straszecin area. To date, only the
presense of prehistoric peat bogs and forest have been revealed.
Other Selected Carbon-14 Dated Samples:
Age:
Sample:
Location:
Composition:
11190 Gd-967 Tarnowiec
(Tarnow) Peat at depth of 200 cm
1920 Gd-229 Lysa Gora***
(Tarnow)Charcoal from ancient iron works
3500 Gd-133 Polonie Kolonie
II Charcoal from base of flint
mine
1660 Gd-1545 Zawada
(Mielec)* Chacoal
1120 Gd-1549 Zawada
(Mielec)* Charcoal
5710 Gd-886 Zawada (Mielec)
* Burnt Log from palisade of
settlement,
Trench 52, Object 32, depth 55 cm
3770 Gd-2041
Sandomierz**
Charcoal
5090 Gd-2040
Sandomierz**
Charcoal
5110 Gd-984 Sandomierz
**
Charcoal
*
Archeological excavation at 50 28 00N, 21 20 00E, Jan Michalski, August
1980.
Site is about 16-18 miles north of Debica.
** Archeological excavation at Vistula River valley near Sandomierz,
H. Kowalewska-Marszalek, August 1980. Site is 46 miles NNE
of Debica.
*** Correct location is Lisia Gora, 16.4 miles W of Debica.
Source: Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics, 2000-2001.
Indo-European pantheon.
1. In all a
phenomenological variety of mythological images of pantheons of Barbarous
Europe (and is wider - the Indo-European pantheon) it is possible to isolate the
invariant base types, making initial structural nucleus, each of which has one
of five functions selected by the author. So, legislative function the God of
the Clear Sky as he patronises breeding collective and the military right (in Holan's concept he is not present, and on the boiler from Gundestrup to this character corresponded to Teutat). By military - power function it is characterised
the God of the Thunder being the spokesman of ideology of aristocracy among
which priority interests military activity was took the major place (to the God
of the Thunder could correspond air image lords of the Underworld according to Holan and Celt Taranis). The god
of Earthly Forces esteemed by priests and farmers,
carries out agrarian - magic function (to him there is in agreement with the
god of growth and in any measure the god of the earth Holan,
and also Celt Cernunnos). The cultural Hero has got
cultural-mediator function as he personifies sacred imperial authority,
including role of the intermediary between gods and people (the god benefactor
according to Holan, Smertrius
in Hatt's concept). At last, the multifunctional syncretic female type of the Great Goddess connects a dual
Sky-Earthly nature (the goddess of sky Holan).
2. The circuit of mutual
relation between these types can be presented as a ring, which is, formed by
the man's characters, located beside with each other depending on correlation
their functions. So, the God of the Thunder and the God of Sky in a number of
traditions tend to merge in a uniform image as both they are connected to
heavenly elements. The same tendency is observed and with reference to Earthly
gods - to the God of Earth Powers and the Cultural Hero (though last can be the
son of the first). Thus, the Cultural Hero as closely connected with the world
of people the character, has the related features and good luck the Clear Sky
(and in some traditions it is considered his son, between them also frequently
arises intermediate type of twins. Only the God of the Thunder and the God of
Earth Powers are antagonists (the Cultural Hero suffers from their conflict
also). The unique female deity mentally placed in the centre of a ring, plays
binding role among man's images. More often she of the spouse of the God of
Thunder and the God of Earth Powers, in a number of traditions the goddess
consists in marriage relations good luck the Clear Sky. And more and more late
female characters of mythologies of Barbarous Europe (and the Indo-European
mythologies as a whole) are derivatives from an image of the Great Goddess.
The scolars of Indo-European cultures and mythologies.
Concept of
'Barbarous Europe'.
Ethnic-cultural and
chronological limits of Barbarian Europe.
Indo-European
structural mythological kern.
Social-cultural
determinants of the basic mythological types.
Indo-European gods
in social-historical aspect.
.
This is a map of structure of basic Indo-European pantheons (in
Thracian, Dacian,
Illyrian, Scythian and Alanian mythologies.
Other sites:
INDO-EUROPEAN BARBARIANS: MYTHS AND HISTORY.
Arrival of the Slavs in Slovakia
by Ján Steinhübel
Since the beginning of the Common
Era belonged Moravia, the Over-Danubian part of Lower Austria and South-West
Slovakia to the Suebi tribe of Quadi. East of the Quadi there were the Celtic
Cotines and the Illyrian People of Os who were at the end of the Marcomanni
wars (166 - 180) deported by the Emperor Marcus Aurelius to Pannonia. After the
leaving of the Cotines and the People of Os penetrated the Quadi the
territory of Central Slovakia. In the northeast of the Carpathian Basin, in the
upper Tisa region, there settled during the Macomanni wars, most probably in
171 or 172, the Vandal tribe of Hasdings. We know on the basis of the findings
of Vandal grey ceramics that their settlements spread even to East Slovakia, to
Zemplín, Abov and Šariš. The areas south of the Vandal domain were in 271 taken
by the Gepids, who settled under the rule of their king Fastida upon the rivers
of Crasna, Berataul and Crisul Repede. This territory bordered to the
northwestern part of the Roman province of Dacia, which was at that time
conquered by the Visigoths. The Vandals as well as the Alans and a part of the
Suebi (Quadi) refused to accept the rule of the Huns and therefore moved more
to the west in 406. The Gepids, who accepted the rule of the Huns, occupied,
with the permission of the Huns, most of the abandoned Vandal settlements in
the upper Tisa and Samosa region. The lower and central Hornád region had also
belonged to the Vandals, but there have been found no Gepid graves in this
territory. If the Gepids did not occupy the Hornád valley, it must have been
taken by the Suebi after the Vandals had left it, because there was no other
significant tribe in the Carpathian Basin whose area neighboured to the Vandal
territory. The Gepids and the Suebi, whose areas separated the
Vandals in the south and in the west from the rest of the Carpathian Basin,
divided the abandoned Vandal territory among themselves. The territory of the
Suebi, who acquired the Central and Lower Hornád Valley in this way, was
separated from the territory of the Gepids, who had taken Zemplín and Sabolè,
by the Zemplín Hills and Slánske Hills, which played the same role as the Small
and White Carpathians in the later periods in the west. The Suebi, as well as
the Gepids, recognized the rule of the Huns and in the Battle of Catalaunian
Fields in 451, fought on the side of the Huns. The Gepid King Ardarich and his
allies defeated the Huns and their allies in 454 in the Battle at the river
Nedao and destroyed the Hunnic Empire. After their victory “took the Gepids the
settlements of the Huns violently and as the winners occupied the territory of
the entire Dacia”. The Gepids extended their empire down to the Byzantine
border at the Danube, to Siebenburgen and Small Walachia (Oltenia).
Shortly after invaded the
Ostrogoths the Carpathian Basin, they were led by their King Valamer and his
brothers Thiudimer and Vidimer and they seized Pannonia. The Rugii settled in
the Over-Danubian part of Lower Austria under the leadership of their king
Flaccitheus. The seat of the Rugii Kings was Krems. Their kingdom bordered in
the northeast to the domain of the Heruls, who had conquerred and occupied
South Moravia, the eastern part of the Lower-Austrian Weinviertel and the
Slovak Záhorie with the remainder of the Suebi (former Quadi), who remained in
the area even after the departure of their kinsmen in 406. Since the Herul
Empire was formed in the Morava region, i.e. in the western half of the old
Suebi territory, the Suebi Kingdom (“Suavia”), that was ruled by the King
Hunimund, was restricted to that part of the Suebi territory that was situated
east of the Small and White Carpathians. In the northern part of the territory
between the Danube and the Tisa, in the area neighbouring to the domains of the
Ostrogoths, Suebi, Gepids and Sarmatians, there were the settlements of the
Skiri. The Kingdom of the Sarmatians was situated upon the Lower Tisa reaching
its mouth into the Danube, south of the Skiri Kingdom. The Suebi fought in 454
on the side of the victorious Anti-Hunnic coalition. Their military victory and
the destruction of the Hunnic Empire brought about their political independence
and probably also a territorial expansion of their domain, as it happened in
the case of their allies – the Gepids. The Suebi Kingdom, that was situated in
the Slovak territory, bordered to the Herul Empire in the west, to the
Ostrogothic Empire in the south along the Danube and reached even the Kingdom
of the Skiri who inhabited the territory upon the Danube, east of the Ostrogothic
Empire. In the east it extended to the boundaries of the Gepid Empire, reaching
the Zemplín Hills and Slánske Hills. It comprised the entire northwestern area
of the Carpathian Basin.
In 468 the Suebi King
Hunimund (“Hunimundus Suavorum dux”, “ipsum regem Hunimundum”) drew through the
Gothic territory to Dalmatia. On his way back he was defeated by Valamer´s
brother Thiudimer in the Battle at the Balaton Lake and he was taken captive.
However Hunimund, who was released by Thiudimer together with his fighters and
contracted friendship with him, prompted the Skiri to attack the Ostrogoths,
even though the Skiri “lived at that time in the Over-Danubian area and were
with the Goths on peaceful terms”. The king of the Skiri Edika invaded
Valamer´s territory. The Ostrogothic King Valamer fell in the battle, but the
Skiri were defeated by the enraged Ostrogoths. Against the successor of
Valamer, Thiudimer, formed Hunimund an alliance with the Herul King Alarich and the Skiri King Edika. The Sarmatian Kings Beuka and
Babay joined the
Allies, as well as the Gepid and Rugii troops. Even the Byzantine Emperor Leo
I. supported them. In 469 the Allies invaded Pannonia and in the Battle upon
the unknown Bolia river they were totally defeated by the Ostrogoths. Edika fell
in the battle and his kingdom was destroyed. Edika´s older son Hunulf, together
with a part of the Skiri, offered his services to the Byzantine Emperor and his
younger son Odoakar with the other part of Skiri left for Italy, where he
seized the power in Rome, in 476. A large number of Heruls and Rugs left with
the two brothers. The Suebi King Hunimund, the head of the destroyed
Anti-Gothic coalition, was shortly afterwards struck by another disaster. In
the winter of 469/470 the victorious Ostrogothic King Thiudimer crossed
unexpectedly the frozen Danube and laid waste Hunimund´s Kingdom. Hunimund,
together with a part of his nation moved up the Danube to distant western
territories, reaching the territories of the Alemanni. The remainder of the
Suebi who stayed in the Slovak territory, depressed by the defeats and
abandoned by their last king, could not have represented a hindrance for the
progressing Slavs.
The first Slavs occupied the
territory of Slovakia from the north, coming over the passes in the Carpathian
Mountains. Their settlements stretched down to the Danube in the south. The
oldest archaeological evidence of their presence dates back to the end of the
5th century. After the decay of the Skiri Kingdom in 469 and the Sarmatian
Kingdom in 472 the Gepid Empire expanded to the banks of the Danube in the west
and reached the boundary of the Ostrogothic Pannonia. It was probably at this
time that the Gepids left the Upper Tisa region under the pressure of the
Slavs. In the autumn of the year 473 the Ostrogothic King Thiudimer together
with his son Teodorich and with his nation left Pannonia and moved to the
Byzantine Mesia. His younger brother Vidimer left with a minor part of the
Ostrogoths and through Noricum and Italy made his way to South Gallia where he
joined the Visigoths. In 488 the Ostrogoths under the leadership of their King
Teodorich the Great moved from Mesia to Italy. After the destruction of the
kingdoms of the Skiri, Suebi, Sarmati and finally also of the Pannonian
Ostrogoths the Heruls became the dominating power in the Central Danubian
region: “They succeeded gradually in becoming more powerful and more numerous
than any other barbarian people in the region. They attacked the other tribes,
defeated them gradually, raped them and took booty from them”. Within the reach
of the power of the Heruls the Domain of the Rugii flourished at first. The
Rugii King Feva, also called Feletheus, took advantage of the deposition of the
last Roman Emperor in 476 and of the rise of Odoakar´s power in Italy.
Odoakar put an end to the
Roman rule over the Coastal Noricum and incorporated into his empire the
eastern part of this last Roman province upon the Danube from Lorch to
Wienerwald. Odoakar destroyed, however, the Rugii Domain during his two military
expeditions in 487 and 488. The Lombards together with their king Gudeoc
arrived in the disintegrated Rugiland and lived there under the rule of the
Heruls also during the reign of Gudeoc´s son Klaff: “They finally defeated the
Lombards, who were Christians, and charged them payments of tributes. They
treated other tribes in a similar way… And as the rule over the Romans was
seized by Anasthasios (491) there was nobody to fight against anymore. They put
down their arms finally and were peaceful. They lived three years in peace
during this period”. The Lombard King Tato, the son of Klaff, moved in 505
together with his nation down to the southern bank of the Lower-Austrian
Danube. He moved out of the reach of the Herul power, to the Field of Tulln, at
that time called “feld” and defeated in 508 the attacking Heruls by using new
forces. The Herul King Rodulf fell in the battle and his empire ceased to
exist. The victorious Lombards became the rulers of the territories that had
been formerly governed by the Heruls, i. e. of Moravia, Rugiland and of the
northern Pannonia down to the lower part of the Drava. In Slovakia only the
territory of Záhorie belonged to their Empire.
The Lombard Empire was separated
from the Slavic territories in Slovakia by the boundary of the Small and White
Carpathians as well as by the Danube. This boundary was respected by both the
Lomards and the Slavs. The Lombard Empire bordered in the east, following the
line of the Danube, to the Empire of the Gepids, who after the destruction of
the domains of the Skiri and the Sarmati, acquired both banks of the middle and
lower Tisa down to the Danubian border of Pannonia. In 536 they occupied Sriem,
as well. Neither the Gepids, nor the Heruls, and nor the Lombards after them,
touched the territory of the Suebi Domain, since it was taken by the Slavs,
shortly after Hunimund´s defeat and flight. The territorial boundaries of the
old “Suavia”, that were known in the 5th century in the world of those times,
did not perish. The territory received its new Slavic inhabitants and the
boundaries became the boundaries of the Slavic territory in the northwest of
the Carpathian Basin. Unlike Moravia that was inhabited both by the Slavs, who
had come through the Moravian Gate, and by the Lombards, the territory of
today´s Slovakia (except for Záhorie) did not belong to any Germanic domain. In
a constant struggle for power within the Carpathian Basin, the Slavs seem to
have been representing some sort of a third power that the competing Lombards
and Gepids were trying to keep inclined for their interests. To the Lombard
King Wacho (510-540), who had seized the royal throne by the murder of his
uncle Tato, a son, named Walthari, was born in the last years of his reign.
Dramatic events were to follow and they were put down by Procopios: “The King of the Lombards Vakes (= Wacho) had a nephew, named Risiulf, who was, according to the law, the one to become the successor of the ruler after the death of Vakes. But Vakes had the idea of giving the kingdom to his son and therefore accused Risiulf without any reason and forced him into exile. The latter, together with some men, departed immediately and escaped to the territory of the Varns, but his two sons stayed. Vakes bribed the barbarians to kill Risiulf. One of Risiulf´s sons died of an illness and the other one, named Ildiges (= Hildigis) escaped to the territory of the Slavs. Shortly afterwards Vakes got ill and passed away. The rule over the Lombards was taken by his son Valdarus (Walthari)”. After the removal of Risiulf, his two sons remained in Pannonia. Since one of them died shortly afterwards, the right of the succession of young Walthari was endangered only by Risiulf´s second son ildigis, who saved his life by a flight to the Slavic territory. On behalf of minor Walthari (540-547) his guardian Audoin governed the domain and after Walthari´s sudden death he seized the Lombard throne and ruled over the tribe till 565. Audoin was afraid of Hildigis, who hadn´t given up his claim to the Lombard throne and relied upon the help from the Gepids. Audoin contracted therefore an alliance with the Emperor Justinian who was interested in Sirmium that had belonged to the Gepids since 536. Justinan gave to the Lombards at that time Inner Noricum and the Sava region of Pannonia that was situated south of the lower part of the Drava. The Gepids, endangered by the new Lombard-Byzantine alliance, reacted by contracting an alliance with the Slavs living in the north of the Carpathian Basin where Hildigis was staying. The Slavic army drew through the Gepid territory in 548, crossed the Danube and laid waste the Byzantine territory all the way to the town of Epidamnos (Draè). In 549 the Lombard-Gepid war started. Hildigis took his Lombard suite with him, as well as “a lot of Slavs”, and came down to the Gepid king Thurisind (546 – 560). He hoped that Audoin would lose the war and he would seize the Longobard throne again. Thurisind was, however, threatened by an attack of the huge Byzantine army and therefore contracted a peace treaty with Audoin, whereby the hopes of Hildigis were ruined. Audoin requested the seizing of Hildigis. Turisind rejected this request and Hildigis returned to the Slavs.