Jagiellonian dynasty

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Jagiellonian dynasty
Country	Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Bohemia
Ancestral house	Gediminids
Titles	Grand Duke of Lithuania, King of Poland, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia
Founder	Jagiello
Final sovereign	Anna Jagiellon
Founding	1377
Dissolution	1572

At the end of the 15th century, the Jagiellonians reigned over vast territories stretching from the Baltic to the Black to the Adriatic Sea.

The Jagiellonian dynasty (Polish: Jagiellonowie, Lithuanian: Jogailaičiai, Czech: Jagellonci, Hungarian: Jagelló, Belarusian: Ягелоны) was a royal dynasty originating from the Lithuanian House of Gediminas that reigned in Central European countries (present day Lithuania, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, parts of Estonia, Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia) between the 14th and 16th centuries. Members of the dynasty were Grand Dukes of Lithuania (1377–1392 and 1440–1572), Kings of Poland (1386–1572), Kings of Hungary (1440–1444 and 1490–1526), and Kings of Bohemia (1471–1526).

The dynastic union between the Poland and Lithuania (converted into a full administrative union in 1569) is the reason for the common appellation "Poland–Lithuania" in discussions about the area from the Late Middle Ages onward. One Jagiellonian briefly ruled both Poland and Hungary (1440–44), and two others ruled both Bohemia and Hungary (1490–1526) and then continued in the distaff line as the Eastern branch of the House of Habsburg.

Contents

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• 1 Name
• 2 Pre-dynasty background
• 3 Rulers of the House of Jagiello
• 4 Bohemia and Hungary
• 5 See also
• 6 External links

Name[edit]

The name comes from Jagiełło, the first Grand Duke of Lithuania to become King of Poland. In Polish, the dynasty is known as Jagiellonowie and the patronymic form: Jagiellończyk; in Lithuanian it is called Jogailaičiai, in Belarusian Яґайлавічы (Jagajłavičy), in Hungarian Jagellók, and in Czech Jagellonci, as well as Jagello or Jagellon in Latin.

Pre-dynasty background[edit]

The rule of Piasts, the earlier Polish ruling house (c. 962–1370) had ended with the death of Casimir III.

Gediminids (Lithuanian: Gediminaičiai), the immediate predecessors of the first Jagiellonian, were rulers of medieval Lithuania with the title of Grand Duke. Their realm, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was chiefly inhabited by Lithuanians and Ruthenians.

Jogaila, the eponymous first ruler of the Jagiellonin dynasty, started as the Grand Duke of Lithuania. He then converted to Christianity and married the 11-year-old Jadwiga of Poland, the second of Poland's Angevin rulers. Thereby he became King of Poland and founded the dynasty.

Rulers of the House of Jagiello[edit]

Jagiellon Family

The Jagiellonian rulers of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (with dates of ruling in brackets) were:

• Jogaila (in Lithuania 1377–1401; as Władysław II Jagiełło in the Crown 1386–1434)
• Władysław III of Poland (in the Crown 1434–1444)
• Casimir IV Jagiellon (1447–1492)
• John I Albert (in the Crown 1492–1501)
• Alexander Jagiellon (1501–1505)
• Sigismund I the Old (1506–1548)
• Sigismund II Augustus (1548–1572)

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Family tree of the House of Jagiellon [show]

		Vladislaus II (Jogaila) ca.1351–1434 G. Duke of Lithuania, 1377–1401 King of Poland, 1386–1434
Elisabeth Bonifacia 1399	Hedwig 1408–1431	Vladislaus III 1424–1444 King of Poland, 1434–1444 King of Hungary, 1440–1444	Casimir 1426–1427	Casimir IV 1427–1492 G. Duke of Lithuania, 1440–1492 King of Poland, 1447–1492

Vladislaus II 1456–1516 King of Bohemia, 1471–1516 King of Hungary, 1490–1516	Hedwig 1457–1502 Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut, 1475–1502	Saint Casimir 1458–1484	John I Albert 1459–1501 King of Poland, 1492–1501	Alexander 1461–1506 G. Duke of Lithuania, 1492–1506 King of Poland, 1501–1506	Sophia 1464–1512 Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach, 1479–1512	Elisabeth 1465–1466	Sigismund I 1467–1548 King of Poland and G. Duke of Lithuania, 1506–1548	Frederick 1468–1503 Bishop of Kraków, 1488–1503 Archbishop of Gniezno, 1493–1503 Elisabeth 1472–after 1480 Anna 1476–1503 Duchess of Pomerania, 1491–1503 Barbara 1478–1534 Margravine of Meissen, 1494–1534 Elisabeth ca.1483–1517 Duchess of Liegnitz, 1515–1517
Anna 1503–1547 Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, 1526–1547 Queen of the Romans, 1531–1547	Louis II 1506–1526 King of Hungary and Bohemia, 1516–1526		Hedwig 1513–1573 Electress of Brandenburg, 1535–1573	Anna 1515–1520	Isabella 1519–1559 Queen of Hungary, 1539–1540	Sigismund II Augustus 1520–1571 King of Poland and G. Duke of Lithuania, 1548–1572	Sophia 1522–1575 Duchess of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel, 1556–1568	Anna 1523–1596 Queen of Poland and G. Duchess of Lithuania, 1575–1586 Catherine 1526–1583 Duchess of Finland, 1562–1583 Queen of Sweden, 1569–1583

Note: kings are marked in gold, queens – in pale gold.

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Monarchs of Central Europe: the House of Jagiellon and their competitors, 1377–1572 [show]

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Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Jogaila, 1377–1381

Jogaila, 1382–1392

Vytautas
1392–1430

Švitrigaila, 1430–1432

Sigismund Kęstutaitis, 1432–1440

Casimir IV
1440–1492

Alexander, 1492–1506

Sigismund I
1506–1548

Sigismund II Augustus
1548–1572

Kingdom of Poland

Louis I, 1370–1382

Hedwig, 1382–1399

Vladislaus II (Jogaila)
1386–1433

Vladislaus III, 1434–1444

Casimir IV
1447–1492

John I Albert, 1492–1501

Alexander, 1501–1506

Sigismund I
1506–1548

Sigismund II Augustus
1548–1572

Kingdom of Hungary

Louis I, 1342–1382

Mary, 1382–1387

Sigismund
1387–1437

Albert II, 1437–1439

Matthias Corvinus
1458–1490

Matthias Corvinus
1458–1490

Ladislaus V, 1445–1457

Vladislaus I, 1440–1444

Vladislaus II
1490–1516

Louis II, 1516–1526

Ferdinand I
1526–1564

Maximilian II, 1564–1576

Kingdom of Bohemia

Wenceslaus IV
1378–1419

Sigismund
1419–1437

Albert II, 1437–1439

Ladislaus
1440–1457

George of Poděbrady
1458–1471

Vladislaus II
1471–1516

Louis II, 1516–1526

Ferdinand I
1526–1564

Maximilian II, 1564–1576

  House of Jagiellon
  Other Gediminids
  House of Angevin
  House of Luxembourg
  House of Habsburg
 Other

After Sigismund II Augustus, the dynasty underwent further changes. Sigismund II's heirs were his sisters Anna Jagiellon and Catherine Jagellon. The latter had married Duke John of Finland, who thereby from 1569 became King John III of Sweden, and they had a son, Sigismund III Vasa; as a result, the Polish branch of the Jagiellonians merged with the House of Vasa, which ruled Poland from 1587 until 1668. During the interval, among others, Stephen Báthory, the husband of the childless Anna, reigned.

Bohemia and Hungary[edit]

At one point, the Jagiellonians established dynastic control also over the kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary (from 1490 onwards), with Vladislaus Jagiello whom several history books call Vladisla(u)s II. After being elected and crowned King of Hungary, Vladislaus moved his court to Hungary from where he ruled both countries and his children were born and raised.

The Jagiellonian Kings of Bohemia and Hungary:

• Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (Vladislaus Jagiello)
• Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (Louis Jagiello). By Louis' sudden death in Battle of Mohács in 1526, that royal line was extinguished in male line.
• Anna of Bohemia and Hungary, Queen Consort, sister of Louis. Her husband Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor was elected King of Bohemia and Hungary, though the latter title was disputed by John Zápolya and his son, John II Sigismund Zápolya.
• Isabella Jagiellon of Hungary, Queen Consort, daughter of Sigismund I the Old. She was wife of the John Zápolya (the crowned Count John Zápolya) and mother of John II Sigismund Zápolya.

See also[edit]

• History of Poland during the Jagiellon dynasty
• List of Czech rulers
• List of Hungarian rulers
• List of Lithuanian rulers
• List of Polish rulers
• The Jagiellonian University in Kraków

External links[edit]